بعد از زمان حال ساده و گذشته ساده نوبت به زمان حال کامل یا Present perfect  می رسد. شاید بتوان گفت گرامر بسیار کاربدی زبان انگلیسی همین زمان حال کامل در زبان انگلیسی می باشد.

گرامر را از ابتدا باید دقیق و خوب یاد گرفت چرا که هر چه در آموزش زبان انگلیسی جلو تر برویم کار دشوار تر می شود و اگر موارد گذشته را خوب یاد نگرفته باشیم جایی گیر میکنیم و مجبور می شویم به عقب برگردیم و جبران گذشته کنیم.

آموزش زمان حال کامل در زبان انگلیسی

به زبان خیلی ساده Present Perfect  را طبق فرمول ساده ای می سازیم یعنی have/has بع علاوه Past Participle:

 

.I have finished my thesis

.She has done her home work

.My father has been retired recently

.Eliza and John have settled down in their new house

نکته: همان طور که می دانید در سوم شخص مفرد He, She, It از has استفاده می کنیم و در بقیه موارد از Have استفاده می کنیم.

افعال با قاعده در زمان حال کامل

برخی افعال با قاعده یا Regular هستند.

برای به دست آوردن Past Participle کافی است از فعل گذشته استفاده کنیم یعنی به فعل Ed اضافه کنیم. اگر فعل گذشته را نمی دانید زمان حال گذشته را بخوانید و افعال با قاعده را یاد بگیرید.

 

Work = Worked

Study = Studied

Call = Called

Finish = Finished

افعال بی قاعده در زمان Present Perfect

برخی افعال نیز بی قاعده یا Irregular هستند.
تنها راه به دست آوردن Past Participle افعال بی قاعده حفظ کردن آن ها می باشد.

لیست افعال بی قاعده برای Past Participle

Simple Present	Simple Past	Past Participle
arise awake be bear beat become begin bend bet bite bleed blow break bring build burn burst buy catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fit flee fling fly forbid forget forgive forgo freeze get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit know lay lead leap leave lend let lie (down) light lose make mean meet pay prove put quit read ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shave shear shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit slay sleep slide sneak speak speed spend spill spin spit split spread spring stand steal stick sting stink strew strike strive swear sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw undergo understand upset wake wear weave weep win wind withdraw wring write	arose awoke was, were bore beat became began bent bet bit bled blew broke brought built burned or burnt burst bought caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dived or dove did drew dreamed or dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit, fitted fled flung flew forbade or forbad forgot forgave forwent froze got gave went ground grew hung or hanged had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt or kneeled knitted or knit knew laid led leapt or leaped left lent let lay lit or lighted lost made meant met paid proved put quit read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shaved sheared shone or shined shot showed shrank or shrunk shut sang sank sat slew slept slid sneaked or snuck spoke sped spent spilled or spilt spun spat or spit split spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank or stunk strewed struck strove or strived swore swept swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived or throve threw underwent understood upset woke or waked wore wove wept won wound withdrew wrung wrote	arisen awoken been borne beaten or beat become begun bent bet bitten bled blown broken brought built burned or burnt burst bought caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dived done drawn dreamed or dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit, fitted fled flung flown, forbidden or forbade forgotten forgiven forgone frozen gotten or got given gone ground grown hung or hanged had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt or kneeled knitted or knit known laid led leapt or leaped left lent let lain lit or lighted lost made meant met paid proved or proven put quit read ridden rung risen run sawed or sawn said seen sought sold sent set sewn or sewed shaken shaved or shaven sheared or shorn shone or shined shot shown or showed shrunk or shrunken shut sung sunk sat slain slept slid sneaked or snuck spoken sped spent spilled or spilt spun spat or spit split spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk strewn struck or stricken striven or strived sworn swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived or thriven thrown undergone understood upset woken or waked worn woven wept won wound withdrawn wrung written

 

منفی کردن زمان حال کامل

همان طور که می دانید منفی کردن جملات با اضفاه کردن Not به فعب کمکی اتفاق می افتد. دز زمان حال کامل فعل کمکی Have/Has می باشد بنا بر این بعد از آن not اضافه می کنیم.

.I have not seen Javad recently
.She hasn’t come yet
.They haven’t employed her because she was didn’t meet their requirements

سوالی کردن در زمان Present Perfect

سوالی کردن در این زمان نیز کار ساده ایست فقط کافی است جای فاعل و فعل کمکی را با هم عوض کنید.

 

?Have you done your homework

?Have you watched How I Met Your Mother

?Has your son finished his education

?Have you ever been to Shiraz

کاربرد زمان حال کامل

 

1. برای بیان کاری و یا اتفاقی و یا احساسی که در گذشته آغاز شده و تا کنون یا زمان صحبت کردن ادامه داشته است.

.We have lived in this apartment for many years

.I have practiced English for 5 hours

 

2. برای کاری که تمام شده باشد.

.They have built my apartment

.My mom has washed the dishes

 

3. اگر بخواهیم تعداد دفعات تکرار کاری را بگوییم از Present perfect استفاده می کنیم.

.We have watched this Friends 5 times

.She has read my last letter 10 times because she told it all by heart

 

4. اگر در مورد کاری که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده ولی زمان آن مشخص نشده باشد.

.I have received my birthday present

.My friend has bought an expensive camera

5. اگر از کلمه just و already استفاده کنیم نشان دهنده آن است کهکر اخیرا تمام شده و از present perfect استفاده می کنیم.

?Have you washed the dishes or I should wash them

.Don’t worry I have just washed them

?Have you finished your thesis

.I have already done it

6. اگر در باره تجربیات زندگی بپرسید و یا بخواهید صحبت کنید.

? Have you ever been to Shiraz

.I have been to Shiraz several times

?Have you ever seen a celebrity

.Yeah, I have seen Johnny Depp several times in the streets

نشانه زمان حال کامل

کلماتی وجود دارند که تقریبا می توان Present perfect را همراهی کنند.

recently	ever	still	up to now	lately
from	just	yet	for	Since