تماس با دلیننگلیش
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در آموزش زبان انگلیسی، گرامر نقش مهمی را ایفا می کند، زمان گذشته ساده بعد از زمان حال ساده از پرکاربرد ترین tense ها محسوب می شود.
زمان گذشته ساده در انگلیسی به معنای کاری است که در گذشته شروع شده و در گذشته هم تمام شده. اما برای یادگیری بهتر ادامه مقاله را با دقت بخوانید و ببینید.
.I worked hard yesterday to finish my article
.She always cooked for me at the weekend
.Neil Armstrong and two other astronomers landed on moon
.I didn’t pass my exam
.I saw her today
احتمالا در این جمله زمان عصر یا شب باشد یا ساعت اداری بوده و یا هر دلیل دیگری.
.I saw James on my holiday in the North of Japan when I wanted to buy a T-shirt
?Have you visited Ghazal recently
.Yeah I saw her yesterday
.If I had a lot of money, I would travel to Vegas
به زبان بی نهایت ساده می توان گفت به انتهای فعل d یا ed اضافه می کنیم.
Verb + ed/d = simple past
واضح است اگر فعلی به e ختم شده باشد دیگر ed لازم ندارد بلکه به آن فقط d اضفاه می کنیم.
Decide = Decided
Travel = Traveled
Enjoy = Enjoyed
افعال با قاعده ( Regular Verbs) همان افعالی هستند که بخش قبلی به انها اشاره کردیم یعنی با اضافه کردن ed آن ها را به فعل گذشته تبدیل می کنیم.
Worked
Stayed
افعال بی قاعده( Irregular Verbs) افعالی که ed نمی گیرند و شکل خاض خود را دارند و باید آن ها را به خاطر سپرد و حفذ کرد.
Go = Went
Put = Put
Drink = Drank
| be (is, am,are) | was, were | been |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid | bid | bid |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
| drive | drove | driven |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| show | showed | shown |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
به سادگی تنها با اضافه کردن یک Didn’t/ Did notقبل از فعل جملات منفی درست می کنیم. این قاعده برای افعال بی قاعده و با قاعده می باشد و تفاوتی ندارد.
نکته: دقت داشته باشید که Didn’t همان حکم ed را دارد و زمانی که didn’t استفاده می کنیم ed فعل را حذف می کنیم اگر هم فعل بی قاعده باشد فعل را به حالت عادی خوب باز میگردانیم یعنی به صورت حال استفاده می کنیم.
.I didn’t go to university yesterday because I was sick
.We didn’t watch the Darby because our manger didn’t let us go home
به جمله زیر توجه کنید.
She paid me a visit
همان طور که احتمالا می دانید برای سوالی کردن جملات باید فعل کمکی را به ابتدای بیاوریم و بقیه جمله را بنویسیم.
با توجه به این نکته فعل کمکی در جمله بالا کدام است؟
درست حدس زدید فعل کمکی در جمله نیست بنا بر این چون زمان گذشته است از Did استفاده می کنیم.
?Did she pay you a visit
.Yes, she did. She paid me a visit the other day
Die = Died
Phone = Phoned
Close = Closed
Play = Played
Destroy = Destroyed
Carry = Carried
Study = Studied
Marry = Married
Stop = Stopped
Ban = Banned
Admit = Admitted
Prefer = Preferred
Travelled
